Recognizing & Treating Hypothermia: What You Need to Know

We hope everyone had a Merry Christmas!

Given that there are still sub-zero temperatures outside and with school out the kids will be outside more, it’s important to be aware of hypothermia – a serious health condition that can have life-threatening consequences if left untreated.

Therefore, recognizing the signs of hypothermia is essential for survival, and treating hypothermia quickly and correctly could be the difference between life and death.

In this article, we’ll discuss the common symptoms of hypothermia, as well as the steps to take for proper treatment.

What is Hypothermia?

Hypothermia is a medical condition that occurs when the body temperature drops below 35°C. It’s caused by exposure to cold temperatures, which can lead to the body’s core temperature decreasing.

Hypothermia is most common in cold climates, but it can occur anywhere when exposed to temperatures below body temperature (even in a pool in Mexico!). Certain medical conditions and medications can also increase one’s risk of developing hypothermia.

Recognizing the Signs & Symptoms of Hypothermia

According to the Canadian Red Cross, hypothermia can occur at varying degrees of severity.

Mild Hypothermia

Symptoms of mild hypothermia may include:

Shivering and complaining of cold
Numbness in fingers and toes
Body temperature slightly below normal

Moderate Hypothermia

Symptoms of moderate hypothermia may include:

Shivering
Numbness in fingers and toes
Lack of coordination and/or speech
Confused or unusual behaviour
Impaired judgment

Severe Hypothermia

Symptoms of severe hypothermia may include:

Person has stopped shivering and complaining of cold
Lack of coordination and/or speech
Confused or unusual behaviour
Impaired judgment
Glassy stare
Body temperature below 30°C
Breathing has slowed down or stopped
Unconsciousness

If you recognize any of these signs in yourself or someone else, seek medical care immediately.

Treating Hypothermia

If you or someone you’re with is showing signs of hypothermia, it’s important to take immediate action by following these steps:

Move the person indoors
Remove any wet clothing
Wrap them in warm blankets or other materials, such as towels or sheets
If possible, place warm compresses on their chest and under their arms
Give them warm liquids (not alcohol) to help raise the core temperature
If medical care is needed, call 911 immediately

Long-term care for hypothermia may include antibiotics, oxygen therapy, and physical rehabilitation. Depending on the severity of the case, hospitalization or an extended stay in a care facility may be necessary.

Wondering if you can use an AED in the snow? Find out!

Prevention of Hypothermia

The best way to treat hypothermia is to prevent it from happening in the first place by:

Wearing layers of clothing
Covering exposed skin when outdoors
Ensuring your home has a working heating system in place
Monitoring elderly family members and those with medical conditions
Having an emergency first aid kit on hand that includes blankets and other supplies